See catena on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "catena compound"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "catena"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin catena",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "catēna",
"4": "",
"5": "chain"
},
"expansion": "Latin catēna (“chain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chain"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chain",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Medieval Latin catena, from Latin catēna (“chain”). Doublet of chain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catenae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "catenae"
},
"expansion": "catena (plural catenas or catenae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "catenal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "catenary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "catenative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "concatenate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "concatenation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1873, Walter Bagehot, Lombard Street:",
"text": "And, on the contrary, there is a whole catena of authorities, beginning with Sir Robert Peel and ending with Mr. Lowe, which say that the Banking Department of the Bank of England is only a Bank like any other bank [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A series of related items."
],
"id": "en-catena-en-noun-dupJWN6F",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "veriga",
"sense": "series of related items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "верига"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "series of related items",
"word": "ketju"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "series of related items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cadeia"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "series of related items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "série"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Soil science",
"orig": "en:Soil science",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 46 4 10 4 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 49 3 7 3 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, Ewan Anderson, Middle East: Geography and Geopolitics, Routledge, →ISBN, page 55:",
"text": "The changes in soil characteristics from the crest to the foot of a slope are together known as a catena.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope."
],
"id": "en-catena-en-noun-uckF1q9s",
"links": [
[
"soil science",
"soil science"
]
],
"qualifier": "soil science",
"raw_glosses": [
"(soil science) A series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope."
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope",
"word": "katena"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catena"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈtiːnə/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Catena"
],
"word": "catena"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "catenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "catenas",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "catena (plural catenas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "catena (plural catenas)",
"name": "ia-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chain"
],
"id": "en-catena-ia-noun-lBSIax6~",
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "catena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "catēna"
},
"expansion": "Latin catēna",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin catēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "catena f (plural catene)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧té‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "catena alimentare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "catenaccio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "catena da neve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "catenaria"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "catenella"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "incatenare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chain"
],
"id": "en-catena-it-noun-lBSIax6~",
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bond, fetter; subordination, repression"
],
"id": "en-catena-it-noun-E9MGOTpn",
"links": [
[
"bond",
"bond"
],
[
"fetter",
"fetter"
],
[
"subordination",
"subordination"
],
[
"repression",
"repression"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tie, cord, bond"
],
"id": "en-catena-it-noun-11EYdnFq",
"links": [
[
"tie",
"tie"
],
[
"cord",
"cord"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 15 4 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tether (a rope, cable etc. that holds something in place whilst allowing some movement)"
],
"id": "en-catena-it-noun-IEOCA5aE",
"links": [
[
"tether",
"tether"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈte.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q652 (ita)-LangPao-catena.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/LL-Q652_%28ita%29-LangPao-catena.wav/LL-Q652_%28ita%29-LangPao-catena.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/LL-Q652_%28ita%29-LangPao-catena.wav/LL-Q652_%28ita%29-LangPao-catena.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ordito"
}
],
"word": "catena"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "cãtinã",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Aromanian: cãtinã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Aromanian: cãtinã"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cătină",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Romanian: cătină",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Romanian: cătină"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "chêna",
"3": "cheina",
"4": "chaena",
"5": "chana"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: chêna, cheina, chaena, chana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: chêna, cheina, chaena, chana"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "catena"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: catena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: catena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "cataina"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: cataina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: cataina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oit",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Old Italian: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Italian: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "catena"
},
"expansion": "Italian: catena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: catena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cadène",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cadène",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cadène"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "cadenã",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aromanian: cadenã, catinã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aromanian: cadenã, catinã"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "catina"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: catina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: catina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "cadèna",
"3": "cadèina"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: cadèna, cadèina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: cadèna, cadèina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "cjadene",
"3": "čhadene"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: cjadene, čhadene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: cjadene, čhadene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "caena",
"3": "chen-a",
"4": "cheina"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: caena, chen-a, cheina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: caena, chen-a, cheina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "cadena",
"3": "cajena",
"4": "caena"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: cadena, cajena, caena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: cadena, cajena, caena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "cadeña",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ligurian: cadeña",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ligurian: cadeña"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "caden-a",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Piedmontese: caden-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Piedmontese: caden-a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "chèina",
"3": "chen-a"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: chèina, chen-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: chèina, chen-a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "cadèina"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: cadèina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: cadèina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "chaeine"
},
"expansion": "Old French: chaeine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: chaeine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "chaisne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: chaisne\nFrench: chaîne",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: chaisne\nFrench: chaîne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "caîne"
},
"expansion": "Norman: caîne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: caîne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "tchinne"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: tchinne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: tchinne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cheyne",
"bor": "1",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: cheyne\nEnglish: chain\nScots: cheen, chyne (obsolete chainzie)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: cheyne\nEnglish: chain\nScots: cheen, chyne (obsolete chainzie)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "cadena",
"3": "cana"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: cadena, cana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: cadena, cana"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "chadena"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: chadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: chadena, chaina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "cadea"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: cadea",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: cadea, caina, cadenha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "chadena"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: chadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: chadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-pro",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Provençal: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Provençal: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "chadena"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: chadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: chadena, chaina, chaena, cheina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "chadaina",
"3": "chadagna",
"4": "cadagna"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: chadaina, chadagna, cadagna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: chadaina, chadagna, cadagna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "cadena",
"3": "carena",
"4": "catena"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: cadena, carena, catena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: cadena, carena, catena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "cadéna",
"3": "caéna"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: cadéna, caéna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: cadéna, caéna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "cadea"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cadea, cadẽa\nFala: cadea\nGalician: cadea\nPortuguese: cadeia",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cadea, cadẽa\nFala: cadea\nGalician: cadea\nPortuguese: cadeia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: cadena",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: cadena (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "katea",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Basque: katea",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Basque: katea"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kaduɨn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kaduɨn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kaduɨn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "chadenn"
},
"expansion": "Breton: chadenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: chadenn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cadwyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: cadwyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: cadwyn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cadwyn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cadwyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cadwyn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "catena",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: catena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: catena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "catène",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: catène",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: catène"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "catena",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: catena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: catena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "catenă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: catenă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: catenă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*katinnjā",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *katinnjā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *katinnjā (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*katesnā>chain",
"id": "chain"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*katesnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *katesnā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kat-",
"4": "",
"5": "to link or weave together; chain, net"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցանց",
"3": "",
"4": "casting-net"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *katesnā, further etymology unknown. Probably connected with caterva (“crowd”) and cassis (“hunting-net”).\nPokorny derives catēna, caterva and cassis from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with casa as another possible cognate.\nMartirosyan connects cassis and catēna with Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”) and derives all from a Mediterranean substrate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "catēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "catēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "catēna f (genitive catēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "catēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "catella"
},
{
"word": "catēnārius"
},
{
"word": "catēnātus"
},
{
"word": "catēnō"
},
{
"word": "catēnōsus"
},
{
"word": "catēnula"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chain"
],
"id": "en-catena-la-noun-lBSIax6~",
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈteː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[käˈt̪eːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈte.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[käˈt̪ɛːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "catena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "catēna",
"4": "",
"5": "chain"
},
"expansion": "Latin catēna (“chain”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cadeia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cadeia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin catēna (“chain”). Doublet of cadeia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "catena f (plural catenas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧te‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "pt:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"catena (series of distinct soils along a slope)"
],
"id": "en-catena-pt-noun-kl~VeJQW",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"catena",
"catena#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) catena (series of distinct soils along a slope)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈtẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈtẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈte.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈte.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "catena"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "catena compound"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "catena"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin catena",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "catēna",
"4": "",
"5": "chain"
},
"expansion": "Latin catēna (“chain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chain"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chain",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Medieval Latin catena, from Latin catēna (“chain”). Doublet of chain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catenae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "catenae"
},
"expansion": "catena (plural catenas or catenae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chain"
},
{
"word": "catenal"
},
{
"word": "catenary"
},
{
"word": "catenative"
},
{
"word": "concatenate"
},
{
"word": "concatenation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1873, Walter Bagehot, Lombard Street:",
"text": "And, on the contrary, there is a whole catena of authorities, beginning with Sir Robert Peel and ending with Mr. Lowe, which say that the Banking Department of the Bank of England is only a Bank like any other bank [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A series of related items."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Soil science"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, Ewan Anderson, Middle East: Geography and Geopolitics, Routledge, →ISBN, page 55:",
"text": "The changes in soil characteristics from the crest to the foot of a slope are together known as a catena.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope."
],
"links": [
[
"soil science",
"soil science"
]
],
"qualifier": "soil science",
"raw_glosses": [
"(soil science) A series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈtiːnə/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "veriga",
"sense": "series of related items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "верига"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "series of related items",
"word": "ketju"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "series of related items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cadeia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "series of related items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "série"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope",
"word": "katena"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Catena"
],
"word": "catena"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "catenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "catenas",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "catena (plural catenas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "catena (plural catenas)",
"name": "ia-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"Interlingua lemmas",
"Interlingua nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"chain"
],
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "catena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 3-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ena",
"Rhymes:Italian/ena/3 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "catēna"
},
"expansion": "Latin catēna",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin catēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "catena f (plural catene)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧té‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "catena alimentare"
},
{
"word": "catenaccio"
},
{
"word": "catena da neve"
},
{
"word": "catenaria"
},
{
"word": "catenella"
},
{
"word": "incatenare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chain"
],
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bond, fetter; subordination, repression"
],
"links": [
[
"bond",
"bond"
],
[
"fetter",
"fetter"
],
[
"subordination",
"subordination"
],
[
"repression",
"repression"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tie, cord, bond"
],
"links": [
[
"tie",
"tie"
],
[
"cord",
"cord"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tether (a rope, cable etc. that holds something in place whilst allowing some movement)"
],
"links": [
[
"tether",
"tether"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈte.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q652 (ita)-LangPao-catena.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/LL-Q652_%28ita%29-LangPao-catena.wav/LL-Q652_%28ita%29-LangPao-catena.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/LL-Q652_%28ita%29-LangPao-catena.wav/LL-Q652_%28ita%29-LangPao-catena.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ordito"
}
],
"word": "catena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "catella"
},
{
"word": "catēnārius"
},
{
"word": "catēnātus"
},
{
"word": "catēnō"
},
{
"word": "catēnōsus"
},
{
"word": "catēnula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "cãtinã",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Aromanian: cãtinã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Aromanian: cãtinã"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cătină",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Romanian: cătină",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Romanian: cătină"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "chêna",
"3": "cheina",
"4": "chaena",
"5": "chana"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: chêna, cheina, chaena, chana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: chêna, cheina, chaena, chana"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "catena"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: catena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: catena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "cataina"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: cataina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: cataina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oit",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Old Italian: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Italian: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "catena"
},
"expansion": "Italian: catena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: catena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cadène",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cadène",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cadène"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "cadenã",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aromanian: cadenã, catinã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aromanian: cadenã, catinã"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "catina"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: catina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: catina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "cadèna",
"3": "cadèina"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: cadèna, cadèina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: cadèna, cadèina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "cjadene",
"3": "čhadene"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: cjadene, čhadene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: cjadene, čhadene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "caena",
"3": "chen-a",
"4": "cheina"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: caena, chen-a, cheina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: caena, chen-a, cheina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "cadena",
"3": "cajena",
"4": "caena"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: cadena, cajena, caena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: cadena, cajena, caena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "cadeña",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ligurian: cadeña",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ligurian: cadeña"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "caden-a",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Piedmontese: caden-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Piedmontese: caden-a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "chèina",
"3": "chen-a"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: chèina, chen-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: chèina, chen-a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "cadèina"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: cadèina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: cadèina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "chaeine"
},
"expansion": "Old French: chaeine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: chaeine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "chaisne"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: chaisne\nFrench: chaîne",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: chaisne\nFrench: chaîne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "caîne"
},
"expansion": "Norman: caîne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: caîne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "tchinne"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: tchinne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: tchinne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cheyne",
"bor": "1",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: cheyne\nEnglish: chain\nScots: cheen, chyne (obsolete chainzie)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: cheyne\nEnglish: chain\nScots: cheen, chyne (obsolete chainzie)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "cadena",
"3": "cana"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: cadena, cana",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: cadena, cana"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "chadena"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: chadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: chadena, chaina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "cadea"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: cadea",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: cadea, caina, cadenha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "chadena"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: chadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: chadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-pro",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Provençal: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Provençal: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "chadena"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: chadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: chadena, chaina, chaena, cheina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "chadaina",
"3": "chadagna",
"4": "cadagna"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: chadaina, chadagna, cadagna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: chadaina, chadagna, cadagna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "cadena",
"3": "carena",
"4": "catena"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: cadena, carena, catena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: cadena, carena, catena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "cadéna",
"3": "caéna"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: cadéna, caéna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: cadéna, caéna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "cadea"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cadea, cadẽa\nFala: cadea\nGalician: cadea\nPortuguese: cadeia",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: cadea, cadẽa\nFala: cadea\nGalician: cadea\nPortuguese: cadeia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: cadena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: cadena"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cadena"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: cadena",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: cadena (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "katea",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Basque: katea",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Basque: katea"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kaduɨn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kaduɨn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *kaduɨn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "chadenn"
},
"expansion": "Breton: chadenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: chadenn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cadwyn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: cadwyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: cadwyn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cadwyn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cadwyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cadwyn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "catena",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: catena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: catena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "catène",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: catène",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: catène"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "catena",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: catena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: catena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "catenă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: catenă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: catenă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*katinnjā",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *katinnjā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *katinnjā (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*katesnā>chain",
"id": "chain"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*katesnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *katesnā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kat-",
"4": "",
"5": "to link or weave together; chain, net"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ցանց",
"3": "",
"4": "casting-net"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *katesnā, further etymology unknown. Probably connected with caterva (“crowd”) and cassis (“hunting-net”).\nPokorny derives catēna, caterva and cassis from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with casa as another possible cognate.\nMartirosyan connects cassis and catēna with Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”) and derives all from a Mediterranean substrate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "catēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "catēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "catēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "catēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "catēna f (genitive catēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "catēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from substrate languages",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"chain"
],
"links": [
[
"chain",
"chain"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈteː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[käˈt̪eːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈte.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[käˈt̪ɛːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "catena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "catēna",
"4": "",
"5": "chain"
},
"expansion": "Latin catēna (“chain”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cadeia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cadeia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin catēna (“chain”). Doublet of cadeia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "catenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "catena f (plural catenas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ca‧te‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese doublets",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"pt:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"catena (series of distinct soils along a slope)"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"catena",
"catena#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) catena (series of distinct soils along a slope)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaˈtẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈtẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaˈte.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐˈte.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "catena"
}
Download raw JSONL data for catena meaning in All languages combined (19.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.